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- December 13 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, dies
- King Afonso III of Portugal captures the Algarve from the Moors.
- Valdemar, becomes King of Sweden.
- University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.
- The Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy is changes from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden bridge.
- Vincent of Beauvais completes his encyclopedic work, The Greater Mirror.
- The Parlement law courts of ancien régime France are created.
- A sickness breaks out in the city Naples (In what is now Italy), called the Naple's Plague
- July 3 - Louis IX of France is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army at the Battle of Fariskur while he is in Egypt at the Seventh Crusade.
- The Bahri dynasty of Mamluks seize power in Egypt.
- The Walayta state is founded in present-day Ethiopia (see Rulers of Walayta)
- Pietro d'Abano, Italian physician, philosopher and astrologer (died 1316)
- Guido Cavalcanti, Italian poet (died 1300)
- Dmitry of Pereslavl, Grand-duke of Vladimir-Suzdal (d. 1294)
- Pierre Dubois, French publicist (approximate date; died c. 1312)
- Moses de Leon, compiler of the Zohar (approximate date; died 1305)
- Giovanni Pisano, Italian sculptor (approximate date; died 1314)
[change] Eras and population estimates
The population of the world in 1250 is around 400 to 416 million people.
