Caffeine
From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change
Caffeine is a drug (or chemical) that is found in plants. In large amounts it can kill humans and other animals. Even small amounts can kill some animals, such as dogs.
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[change] Where caffeine is from
Caffeine is the main drug that is in coffee. Coffee comes from a tree. The seeds of the tree are roasted to make coffee.
Caffeine comes from other plants as well. It is found in guarana, yerba maté, cacao, and some plants used to make tea. The plants use caffeine as a pesticide. This is a chemical that kills insects if they eat the plant. It is the way the plant protects itself.
It is called guaranine when it comes from the guarana plant and theine when it comes from a tea plant. It is called mateine in the mate drink. This drink is an infusion made with Yerba mate.
[change] What caffeine is
Caffeine is a stimulant drug. A stimulant is a drug that increases body actions like heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. It makes a person feel more awake and alert.
Caffeine also is a diuretic. This means it makes a person make more urine (the waste liquid a person makes).
The caffeine chemical is called a xanthine alkaloid. This is a group of chemicals that are stimulants. Some xanthine alkaloids (like theophylline) are used to help asthma.
[change] What caffeine is used for
The biggest use of caffeine is as a stimulant. People drink coffee and other drinks with caffeine to stay awake.
Doctors sometimes use caffeine as a medicine. It is used for headaches (head pain). It is sometimes used to help premature (born very early) babies to breathe. The short-term risk of this treatment seems to be that the babies treated gain less weight than usual.[1]
Caffeine is sometimes given to people after a lumbar puncture. This is a test to see if someone has meningitis (an infection around the brain).'''
In the beginning caffeine was found to relieve hunger, so it was used for weight loss. That did not last because people were using too much. Caffeine can be a very dangerous drug when not used in the right way.
Caffeine also has medicinal properties. It is used in many over the counter medicines, such as Excedrin, Midol and Anacin. When combined with other analgesics, caffeine can help to alleviate headaches and cramps.
[change] Problems with caffeine
The largest problem with caffeine is addiction. This is when people get bad symptoms when they do not have the drug. When people have withdrawal (feel bad because they do not have the drug) they drink more. This makes them feel better. But if they cannot get more, they are likely to feel some of the symptoms listed below:
Caffeine can also hurt people if they drink very much at once. If someone takes very much of a drug at once it is called an overdose. Caffeine overdose is a medical diagnosis. It is called:Caffeine-Induced Organic Mental Disorder or Caffeine Intoxication. People with this can have these symptoms:
- Very bad feelings like:
- Muscle movements that cannot be stopped
- Very fast heart rate
- Abnormal heart rhythms (even heart stopping)
- Very high blood pressure
- Vomiting
- Confusion (not knowing who the person is or where he/she is)
[change] How much caffeine is safe
250-300 mg of caffeine a day is a moderate amount. This is as much caffeine that is in three cups of coffee (8oz each cup). More than 750-1000mg a day is dangerous, but people who drink more coffee every day can drink more without getting sick. The Lethal Dose 50 of caffeine is 192 mg per kilogram, in rats. In humans, it is between 150 and 200 mg per kilogram.
Caffeine is in many drinks and foods. This is approximate amounts of caffeine in some food and drink:
- Brewed coffee - 40 to 220 mg in a cup
- Instant coffee - 30 to 120 mg in a cup
- Decaffeinated coffee (with much caffeine taken out) - 3 to 5 mg in a cup
- Tea - 20 to 110 mg in a cup
- Soda drinks with caffeine - 36 to 90 mg in 12 ounces. Some people think that soft drinks which are light in color do not contain caffeine. This is not always true.
- Milk chocolate - 3 to 6 mg in an ounce
- Bittersweet chocolate - 25 mg in an ounce
One ounce – abbreviated oz - is 30ml.
A 'cup' is 8 oz (240ml.)
[change] Different ways to get 200mg of Caffeine
| Caffeine equivalents[2][3] |
|---|
In general, each of the following contains approximately 200 milligrams of caffeine:
Notes: A fluid ounce is between 28 and 30 mililitres. a. There may also be large amounts of other chemicals, similar to caffeine in Chocolate and other products of cacao. There is theobromine in cacao, for example. These substances can have effects similar to those of caffeine. b. Most tea drunk in North America is not very strong. The figures are for this kind of tea. The tea drunk in most other places of the world is stronger; for these kinds of tea, the figures are probably too small. |
[change] References
- ↑ Schmidt, B, Roberts, RS, Davis, P, Doyle, LW, et al (May 18 2006). "Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity". N Engl J Med 354 (20): 2112–21.
- ↑ Caffeine Content of Food and Drugs. Nutrition Action Health Newsletter. Center for Science in the Public Interest (December 1996). Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved on 22 August 2006.
- ↑ Caffeine Content of Beverages, Foods, & Medications. The Vaults of Erowid (July 7 2006). Retrieved on 22 August 2006.
[change] Other websites
[change] Scientific information
- eMedicine Caffeine-Related Psychiatric Disorders
- The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs, Caffeine-Part 1 Part 2
- The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Caffeine: A User's Guide
- Caffeine: Psychological Effects, Use & Abuse
- Caffeine Withdrawal Recognized as a Disorder
- Is Caffeine a Health Hazard?
[change] Others
- The Effects Of Caffeine Addiction
- Caffeine: How Stuff Works
- National Geographic January 2005
- Erowid Caffeine Vaults
- #caffeine! - The Caffeine Information Archive
- Naked Scientists Online: Why do plants make caffeine?
- Alcohol and Drugs History Society: Caffeine news page
- Coffee: A Little Really Does Go a Long Way, NPR, September 28, 2006
- Does coffee really give you a buzz? by John Triggs in the Daily Express April 17 2007
[change] News
