Japanese language
From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change
Japanese (日本語 "Nihon-go" or "Nippon-go" in Japanese) is the language spoken on the island nation of Japan, in East Asia. A theory about its origin is that Japanese, Mongol, Turkish come from same language family called Altay languages. Japanese is a synthetic, agglutinative language. That means that a Japanese word has a stem called "body", and a lot of additional parts (called "suffix") to define the meaning of the word. By changing the suffix you can change the meaning of the word.
Japanese has only five vowel sounds. They are ah, ee, oo, eh, and o. Japanese has only one sound between L and R, instead of two sounds. That is why it may be difficult for many Japanese to pronounce the English 'L'. Japanese has a sound not often found in English that is usually written Tsu. Also, "o" and "u" can either be short or long. A "long" "o" or "u" would be an extended version. For example, benkyousuru （べんきょうする）(to study).
In Japanese, the verb is at the end of the sentence, and the subject is at the beginning. The subject can be left out, because many times it is implied in the verb.
In Japanese, Japan is called Nihon (日本), and the Japanese language is called Nihongo (日本語) (-go means language). Nihongo also means Japanese. Sometimes, the words Nippon and Nippongo are also used, but today these words are thought of as more nationalist, while Nihon is a more neutral word. The kanji characters of the word mean "sun-root", and that is why Japan is often called "The Land of Rising Sun".
[change] Writing system
The Japanese language uses three writing systems. The first two are hiragana (ひらがな) and katakana (カタカナ). Hiragana is for writing words from inside Japan. Katakana is for writing sound effects and words from outside of Japan. Both writing system have symbols that mean a syllable. Katakana has straighter edges and sharper corners than hiragana. Hiragana has more curves than katakana.
There is a third way to write, called kanji (漢字), where every word or idea has a picture character taken from Chinese. To be able to fully read Japanese, students must learn around 2,000 kanji. Many kanji are made up from smaller, simpler kanji. Kanji have different sounds when used in different ways, but each kanji still has only certain ways it can be read.
Written Japanese has no spaces between words, so kanji help separate words in a sentence.
Japanese can be written in 2 ways:
- From left to right, moving from the top toward the bottom of the page (same as in English language).
- From top to bottom, moving from the right toward the left of the page.
Sentences in Japanese are done like this: subject, object, verb. For example, I ate an apple today (今日、私はりんごを食べました) would be in this order Today, I apple ate.
[change] Examples
Here are some examples of Japanese words :
- 私 (わたし) (watashi) I
- 人 (ひと) (hito) : person
- 女 (おんな) (onna) : woman
- 男 (おとこ) (otoko) : man
- 水 (みず) (mizu) : water
- こんにちは (konnichiwa) : hello (during the middle of the day or afternoon)
- さよなら (sayonara) : goodbye
- はい (hai) : yes
- いいえ (iie) : no
[change] Other websites
- Japanese Online Dictionary
- Japanese Wikibook (learn Japanese)
- Japanese Wikipedia
- Japanese dictionary
- List of Japanese Kanji characters
- Kana Copybook (PDF)
