Psychiatry
From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change
Psychiatry is a part of medicine that studies, diagnoses and treats mental illnesses and abnormal behaviours and conditions that cause problems and make life difficult for people. The people who practice Psychiatry and treat others who have psychiatric problems are called Psychiatrists.
Contents |
[change] Education
Psychiatrists first go to university, then to Medical School for 4 years. When they graduate, they get to use the initials M.D. (Medical Doctor) after their names. Then these doctors specialize by training for 3 or 4 years in Psychiatry.
[change] Prescribing Psychiatric Medications
Psychiatrists can prescribe medications to their patients to help emotional and behavioral problems, but Psychologists cannot. This is because of laws made by government that say only medical doctors can prescribe.
Psychiatrists spend many years of learning about how the body and the brain work. Psychiatrists must learn about all kinds of illnesses. Sometimes a disease in the body causes the brain to work wrong. A Cancer in the Pancreas causes depression. Blood sugar problems in Diabetes Mellitus can cause a bad temper. These are only two examples.
Psychiatrists spend many years learning how medications can help the brain work better. Psychiatrists also learn how medications sometimes cause problems to the brain. Sometimes psychologists send their patients to a psychiatrist if the patient seems to have a problem that medicine might help. The patient will usually continue to see the psychologist.
In the 1950's, the first medicine to help patients with Bipolar Disorder/(formally known as Manic-Depressive Illness was discovered. This was Lithium, a type of metal in a powder form. A bit later, the first medicine for Psychosis was discovered. Later, medicines to calm people (tranquilizers), to end Depression (anti-depressants), to help feelings remain the same each day (mood stabilizers) were discovered.
Medicine for Mental Illness does not cure. Some of the medicines try to get brain chemicals to be the amounts they are in normal people. Other medicines "slow down how fast the brain works" so people with rapid thoughts can be in control of what they think and how they behave. When the medicines are stopped, symptoms often come back.
[change] Freud
The best known Psychiatrist is Sigmund Freud, a medical doctor who was trained in Neurology. He became certain that hidden thoughts in the brain (which he called The Unconscious) could cause physical symptoms and strange behavior in some people. He believed that human behavior was not all caused by the brain, but by things that happened to people when they were babies and young children. His research of this theory -the idea he had- led him to create "talking therapy" -psychoanalysis- where he tried to figure out what could cause the mind to do things like this.
He thought that his figuring things out and telling the patients what had caused the behavior would cure the patient. Unfortunately, it usually made no lasting changes. This is why psychiatrists (and psychologists) have gradually figured out many other ways of helping their patients.
[change] NeuroPsychiatry
Since the medications for mental illness were first discovered, there have been tools to understand why the mentally ill behave and think in ways that make it not easy for them to live. Doctors do this by studying the brain as directly as they can.
This field of medicine is called NeuroPsychiatry. The medical doctors who work in the field are called NeuroPsychiatrists. They hope someday to really permanently cure or fix mental illness by finding ways to change the brain forever. In the meantime, they try to find ways to help by finding better medications.
The science of Psychology is studies the way people behave and change. Psychologists apply this what is found to make new ways of helping people change how they behave. Talking therapy and applied psychology were the first important ways of helping people with some problems of regular life. Some kinds of Mental Illness can be helped some this way, but some kinds cannot be helped. They need medicines instead, then sometimes a psychologist can help the patient a great deal.
[change] Fields of Psychiatry
- Forensic Psychiatry - the study of criminals and criminal behavior.
- Addiction Psychiatry - study and treatment of chemical addictions.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - study and treatment of children and teens
- Geriatric Psychiatry - study and treatment of the aged
[change] Fields of NeuroPsychiatry
- Pain Medicine
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Psychopharmacology
[change] Common Psychiatric Conditions
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Bipolar Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Attention-deficit Disorder
- Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Behavioral Disorders
- Personality Disorders
