Testicular cancer
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Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that develops in one or both testicles, a part of the male reproductive system. In the United States, about 8,000 to 9,000 people are diagnosed with testicular cancer every year. Every male has a 1 in 250 (four tenths of one percent, or 0.4%) chance of being diagnosed with it. It is most common among males aged 15-40 years. Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers; more than 90%. Even in the small number of cases where the cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate of at least 50%.
[change] Symptoms and early detection
Because testicular cancer is curable (stage I can have a success rate of >95%) when detected early, experts recommend regular monthly testicular self-examination after a hot shower or bath, when the scrotum is looser. Men are advised to feel each testicle, feeling for pea-shaped lumps. Symptoms of testicular cancer include one or more of the following:
- a lump in one testis or a hardening of one of the testicles
- pain and tenderness in the testicles
- build-up of fluid in the scrotum
- a dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin
- a change in the size of a testicle
- blood in semen
How bad the cancer is and whether it is present at all is often discovered through ultrasound of the testicles, x-rays, and/or CT scans. Blood tests are also used to identify and measure tumour markers that are only in a person's blood if they have testicular cancer. Biopsies should not be performed because it increases the risk of migrating cancer cells into the scrotum.
| Pathology: tumors (and related structures), cancer, and oncology (C00-D48) |
|---|
| Benign - Premalignant - Carcinoma in situ - Malignant |
| Topography |
| Anus - Bladder - Bone - Brain - Breast - Cervix - Colon/rectum - Duodenum - Endometrium - Esophagus - Eye - Gallbladder - Head/Neck - Liver - Larynx - Lung - Mouth - Pancreas - Penis - Prostate - Kidney - Ovaries - Skin - Stomach - Testicles - Thyroid |
| Morphology |
| Papilloma/carcinoma - Choriocarcinoma - Adenoma/adenocarcinoma - Soft tissue sarcoma - Melanoma - Fibroma/fibrosarcoma - Metastasis - Lipoma/liposarcoma - Leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma - Rhabdomyoma/rhabdomyosarcoma - Mesothelioma - Angioma/angiosarcoma - Osteoma/osteosarcoma - Chondroma/chondrosarcoma - Glioma - Lymphoma/leukemia |
| Treatment |
| Surgery - Chemotherapy - Radiation therapy - Immunotherapy - Experimental cancer treatment |
| Related structures |
| Cyst - Dysplasia - Hamartoma - Neoplasia - Nodule - Polyp - Pseudocyst |
| Misc |
| Tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes - Staging/grading - Carcinogenesis/metastasis - Carcinogen - Research - Paraneoplastic phenomenon - ICD-O - List of oncology-related terms |
