From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change
This page lists the national rulers in the world, i.e. heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders not occupying either of those formal positions or prime ministers who are not heads of government...) of the 194 states usually recognized like that (192 UN members + Vatican City + Taiwan), of 10 other national entities (quasi and unrecognized states), and of 7 in exile and/or alternative governments (only in exile governments that exercised power or succeded governments that exercised power).
For local rulers, i.e. rulers of dependencies and of the main administrative divisions (autonomous regions, insular or peninsular regions, successors of historical regions or regions with strong identity, regions in the news, etc.) see :
-
[change] States - A
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Afghanistan |
President |
Hamid Karzai [1] |
22 Dec 2001 |
Albania |
President |
Bamir Topi |
24 Jul 2007 |
Prime minister |
Sali Berisha [2] |
11 Sep 2005 |
Algeria |
President |
Abdelaziz Bouteflika |
27 Apr 1999 |
Prime minister |
Abdelaziz Belkhadem |
24 May 2006 |
Andorra |
Coprince (French head of state) |
Nicolas Sarkozy |
16 May 2007 |
Coprinces (bishop of Urgel) |
Joan Enric Vives Sicília |
12 May 2003 |
Personal representative of the French coprince |
Philippe Massoni |
Jul 2002 |
Personal representative of the episcopal coprince |
Nemesi Marquès Oste |
1993 |
General syndic |
Joan Gabriel Estany |
17 May 2005 |
Head of government |
Albert Pintat Santolària |
27 May 2005 |
Angola |
President |
José Eduardo dos Santos [3] |
10 Sep 1979 |
Prime minister |
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos |
6 Dec 2002 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
1 Nov 1981 |
Governor-general |
Louise Lake-Tack |
17 Jul 2007 |
Prime minister |
Baldwin Spencer |
26 Mar 2004 |
Argentina |
President |
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner |
10 Dec 2007 |
Cabinet chief |
Alberto Fernández |
25 May 2003 |
Armenia |
President |
Robert Kocharyan [4] |
4 Feb 1998 |
Prime minister |
Serzh Sarkisyan |
4 Apr 2007 |
Australia |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
6 Feb 1952 |
Governor-general |
Michael Jeffery |
11 Aug 2003 |
Prime minister |
Kevin Rudd |
3 Dec 2007 |
Austria |
President |
Heinz Fischer |
8 Jul 2004 |
Chancellor |
Alfred Gusenbauer |
11 Jan 2007 |
Azerbaijan |
President |
Ilham Aliyev [5] |
31 Oct 2003 |
Prime minister |
Artur Rasizade [6] |
6 Aug 2003 |
[change] States - B
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
The Bahamas |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
10 Jul 1973 |
Governor-general |
Arthur Dion Hanna |
1 Feb 2006 |
Prime minister |
Hubert Ingraham [7] |
4 May 2007 |
Bahrain |
King |
Sheikh Hamad ibn `Isa Al Khalifah [8] |
14 Feb 2002 |
Prime minister |
Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah [9] |
19 Jan 1970 |
Bangladesh |
President |
Iajuddin Ahmed |
6 Sep 2002 |
Prime minister |
Fakhruddin Ahmed (chief adviser) |
12 Jan 2007 |
Barbados |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
30 Nov 1966 |
Governor-general |
Sir Clifford Husbands |
1 Jun 1996 |
Prime minister |
David Thompson |
16 Jan 2008 |
Belarus |
President |
Alyaksandr Lukashenka |
20 Jul 1994 |
Prime minister |
Syarhey Sidorski [10] |
10 Jul 2003 |
Belgium |
King |
Albert II |
9 Aug 1993 |
Prime minister |
Guy Verhofstadt |
12 Jul 1999 |
Belize |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
21 Sep 1981 |
Governor-general |
Sir Colville Young |
17 Nov 1993 |
Prime minister |
Said Musa |
28 Aug 1998 |
Benin |
President |
Yayi Boni |
6 Apr 2006 |
Bhutan |
King |
Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuk |
14 Dec 2006 |
Prime minister |
Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji [11] |
31 Jul 2007 |
Bolivia |
President |
Evo Morales |
22 Jan 2006 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
Chairman of the Presidency of the Republic |
Zeljko Komsic [12] |
6 Jul 2007 |
Prime minister |
Nikola Spiric |
11 Jan 2007 |
International High Representative |
Miroslav Lajcák (Slovakia) |
2 Jul 2007 |
Botswana |
President |
Festus Mogae |
1 Apr 1998 |
Brazil |
President |
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
1 Jan 2003 |
Brunei |
Sultan |
Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah |
4 Oct 1967 |
Prime minister |
Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah |
1 Jan 1984 |
Bulgaria |
President |
Georgi Purvanov |
22 Jan 2002 |
Prime minister |
Sergey Stanishev |
16 Aug 2005 |
Burkina Faso |
President |
Blaise Compaoré [13] |
15 Oct 1987 |
Prime minister |
Tertius Zongo |
4 Jun 2007 |
Burundi |
President |
Pierre Nkurunziza |
26 Aug 2005 |
Burma |
Chairman of the State Peace
and Development Council |
Than Shwe [14] |
23 Apr 1992 |
Prime minister |
Thein Sein [15] |
Apr 2007 |
[change] States - C
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Cambodia |
King |
Norodom Sihamoni |
14 Oct 2004 |
Prime minister |
Samdech Hun Sen [16] |
14 Jan 1985 |
Cameroon |
President |
Paul Biya |
6 Nov 1982 |
Prime minister |
Ephraïm Inoni |
8 Dec 2004 |
Canada |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
6 Feb 1952 |
Governor-general |
Michaëlle Jean |
27 Sep 2005 |
Prime minister |
Stephen Harper |
6 Feb 2006 |
Cape Verde |
President |
Pedro Pires |
22 Mar 2001 |
Prime minister |
José Maria Neves |
1 Feb 2001 |
Central African Republic |
President |
François Bozizé |
15 Mar 2003 |
Prime minister |
Faustin Archange Touadéra |
22 Jan 2008 |
Chad |
President |
Idriss Déby [17] |
15 Mar 2003 |
Prime minister |
Delwa Kassire Koumakoye [18] |
26 Feb 2007 |
Chile |
President |
Michelle Bachelet |
11 Mar 2006 |
China |
General secretary of the Communist Party of China |
Hu Jintao |
15 Nov 2002 |
President |
Hu Jintao |
15 Mar 2003 |
Premier |
Wen Jiabao |
16 Mar 2003 |
Colombia |
President |
Álvaro Uribe |
7 Aug 2002 |
Comoros |
President |
Ahmed Abdallah Sambi |
26 May 2006 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
President |
Denis Sassou-Nguesso [19] |
25 Oct 1997 |
Prime minister |
Isidore Mvouba |
7 Jan 2005 |
Congo (Kinshasa) |
President |
Joseph Kabila [20] |
17 Jan 2001 |
Prime minister |
Antoine Gizenga [21] |
30 Dec 2006 |
Costa Rica |
President |
Óscar Arias Sánchez [22] |
8 May 2006 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
President |
Laurent Gbagbo |
26 Oct 2000 |
Prime minister |
Guillaume Soro |
4 Apr 2007 |
Croatia |
President |
Stipe Mesic [23] |
18 Feb 2000 |
Prime minister |
Ivo Sanader |
23 Dec 2003 |
Cuba |
First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba |
Fidel Castro [24] |
Jul 1961 |
Raúl Castro (acting) |
31 Jul 2006 |
President of the Council of State |
Fidel Castro |
3 Dec 1976 |
Raúl Castro (acting) |
31 Jul 2006 |
President of the Council of Ministers |
Fidel Castro [25] |
16 Feb 1959 |
Raúl Castro (acting) |
31 Jul 2006 |
Cyprus |
President |
Tassos Papadopoulos |
28 Feb 2003 |
Czech Republic |
President |
Václav Klaus [26] |
24 Apr 2005 |
Prime minister |
Mirek Topolánek |
4 Sep 2006 |
[change] States - D-F
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Denmark |
Queen |
Margrethe II |
14 Jan 1972 |
Prime minister |
Anders Fogh Rasmussen |
27 Nov 2001 |
Djibouti |
President |
Ismail Omar Guelleh |
8 May 1999 |
Prime minister |
Dileita Mohamed Dileita |
7 Mar 2001 |
Dominica |
President |
Nicholas Liverpool |
2 Oct 2003 |
Prime minister |
Roosevelt Skerrit |
8 Jan 2004 |
Dominican Republic |
President |
Leonel Fernández [27] |
16 Aug 2004 |
East Timor |
President |
José Ramos-Horta [28] |
20 May 2007 |
Prime minister |
Xanana Gusmão [29] |
8 Aug 2007 |
Ecuador |
President |
Rafael Correa |
15 Jan 2007 |
Egypt |
President |
Hosni Mubarak |
14 Oct 1981 |
Prime minister |
Ahmed Nazif |
14 Jul 2004 |
El Salvador |
President |
Antonio Saca |
1 Jun 2004 |
Equatorial Guinea |
President |
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo [30] |
3 Aug 1979 |
Prime minister |
Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea |
14 Aug 2006 |
Eritrea |
President |
Isaias Afewerki [31] |
29 May 1991 |
Estonia |
President |
Toomas Hendrik Ilves |
9 Oct 2006 |
Prime minister |
Andrus Ansip |
13 Apr 2005 |
Ethiopia |
President |
Girma Wolde-Giorgis |
8 Oct 2001 |
Prime minister |
Meles Zenawi [32] |
23 Aug 1995 |
Fiji |
President |
Ratu Josefa Iloilo [33] |
18 Jul 2000 |
Prime minister |
Voreqe Bainimarama [34] |
5 Jan 2007 |
Finland |
President |
Tarja Halonen |
1 Mar 2000 |
Prime minister |
Matti Vanhanen |
24 Jun 2003 |
France |
President |
Nicolas Sarkozy |
16 May 2007 |
Prime minister |
François Fillon |
17 May 2007 |
[change] States - G-H
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Gabon |
President |
Omar Bongo Ondimba |
28 Nov 1967 |
Prime minister |
Jean Eyeghe Ndong |
20 Jan 2006 |
The Gambia |
President |
Yahya Jammeh [35] |
22 Jul 1994 |
Georgia |
President |
Mikheil Saakashvili [36] |
20 Jan 2008 |
Prime minister |
Lado Gurgenidze |
22 Nov 2007 |
Germany |
President |
Horst Köhler |
1 Jul 2004 |
Chancellor |
Angela Merkel |
22 Nov 2005 |
Ghana |
President |
John Kufuor |
7 Jan 2001 |
Greece |
President |
Karolos Papoulias |
12 Mar 2005 |
Prime minister |
Kostas Karamanlis |
10 Mar 2004 |
Grenada |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
7 Feb 1974 |
Governor-general |
Sir Daniel Williams |
9 Aug 1996 |
Prime minister |
Keith Mitchell |
22 Jun 1995 |
Guatemala |
President |
Álvaro Colom |
14 Jan 2008 |
Guinea |
President |
Lansana Conté [37] |
3 Apr 1984 |
Prime minister |
Lansana Kouyaté |
1 Mar 2007 |
Guinea-Bissau |
President |
João Bernardo Vieira [38] |
3 Apr 1984 |
Prime minister |
Martinho Ndafa Kabi |
13 Apr 2007 |
Guyana |
President |
Bharrat Jagdeo [39] |
11 Aug 1999 |
Prime minister |
Sam Hinds [40] |
13 Apr 2007 |
Haiti |
President |
René Préval [41] |
14 May 2006 |
Prime minister |
Jacques-Édouard Alexis [42] |
9 Jun 2006 |
Honduras |
President |
Manuel Zelaya |
27 Jan 2006 |
Hungary |
President |
László Sólyom |
5 Aug 2005 |
Prime minister |
Ferenc Gyurcsány [43] |
27 Aug 2004 |
[change] States - I-K
[change] States - L
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Laos |
General secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party |
Choummaly Sayasone |
21 Mar 2006 |
President |
Choummaly Sayasone |
8 Jun 2006 |
Chairman of the Council of Ministers |
Bouasone Bouphavanh |
8 Jun 2006 |
Latvia |
President |
Valdis Zatlers |
8 Jul 2007 |
Prime minister |
Aigars Kalvitis [53] |
2 Dec 2004 |
Lebanon |
President |
Fouad Siniora (acting) [54] |
24 Nov 2007 |
Prime minister |
Fouad Siniora |
19 Jul 2005 |
Lesotho |
King |
Letsie III [55] |
7 Feb 1996 |
Prime minister |
Pakalitha Mosisili |
29 May 1998 |
Liberia |
President |
Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf |
16 Jan 2006 |
Libya |
Guide of the Revolution |
Muammar al-Qaddafi |
1 Sep 1969 |
General secretary of the General People's Congress |
Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani |
18 Nov 1992 |
General secretary of the General People's Committee |
Al-Baghdadi Ali al-Mahmudi |
5 Mar 2006 |
Liechtenstein |
Sovereign prince |
Hans-Adam II [56] |
13 Nov 1989 |
Prince Alois (regent) |
15 Aug 2004 |
Head of government |
Otmar Hasler |
5 Apr 2001 |
Lithuania |
President |
Valdas Adamkus [57] |
12 Jul 2004 |
Prime minister |
Gediminas Kirkilas |
4 Jul 2006 |
Luxembourg |
President |
Henri [58] |
7 Oct 2000 |
Prime minister |
Jean-Claude Juncker |
20 Jan 1995 |
[change] States - M
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Macedonia |
President |
Branko Crvenkovski |
12 May 2004 |
Prime minister |
Nikola Gruevski |
27 Aug 2006 |
Madagascar |
President |
Marc Ravalomanana |
22 Feb 2002 |
Prime minister |
Charles Rabemananjara |
20 Jan 2007 |
Malawi |
President |
Bingu wa Mutharika |
24 May 2004 |
Malaysia |
Paramount ruler |
Mizan Zainal Abidin [59] |
13 Dec 2006 |
Prime minister |
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi |
31 Oct 2003 |
Maldives |
President |
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom |
11 Nov 1978 |
Mali |
President |
Amadou Toumani Touré [60] |
8 Jun 2002 |
Prime minister |
Modibo Sidibé |
28 Sep 2007 |
Malta |
President |
Eddie Fenech Adami |
4 Apr 2004 |
Prime minister |
Lawrence Gonzi |
23 Mar 2004 |
Marshall Islands |
President |
Litokwa Tomeing |
7 Jan 2008 |
Mauritania |
President |
Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi |
19 Apr 2007 |
Prime minister |
Zeine Ould Zeidane |
20 Apr 2007 |
Mauritius |
President |
Sir Anerood Jugnauth [61] |
7 Aug 2003 |
Prime minister |
Navin Ramgoolam [62] |
5 Jul 2005 |
Mexico |
President |
Felipe Calderón |
1 Dec 2006 |
Federated States of Micronesia |
President |
Manny Mori |
11 May 2007 |
Moldova |
President |
Vladimir Voronin |
7 Apr 2001 |
Prime minister |
Vasile Tarlev |
19 Apr 2001 |
Monaco |
Prince |
Albert II [63] |
6 Apr 2005 |
Minister of state |
Jean-Paul Proust |
1 Jun 2005 |
Mongolia |
President |
Nambaryn Enkhbayar |
24 Jun 2005 |
Prime minister |
Sanj Bayar |
22 Nov 2007 |
Montenegro |
President |
Filip Vujanovic [64] |
22 May 2003 |
Prime minister |
Sanj Bayar |
22 Nov 2007 |
Morocco |
King |
Muhammad VI |
23 Jul 1999 |
Prime minister |
Abbas El Fassi |
19 Sep 2007 |
Mozambique |
President |
Armando Guebuza [65] |
2 Feb 2005 |
Prime minister |
Luisa Diogo |
17 Feb 2004 |
[change] States - N-R
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Namibia |
President |
Hifikepunye Pohamba |
21 Mar 2005 |
Prime minister |
Nahas Angula |
21 Mar 2005 |
Nauru |
President |
Marcus Stephen |
19 Dec 2007 |
Nepal |
King |
Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva [66] |
4 Jun 2001 |
Girija Prasad Koirala (acting head of state) |
15 Jan 2007 |
Prime minister |
Girija Prasad Koirala [67] |
30 Apr 2006 |
The Netherlands |
Queen |
Beatrix |
30 Apr 1980 |
Prime minister |
Jan Peter Balkenende |
22 Jul 2002 |
New Zealand |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
6 Feb 1952 |
Governor-general |
Anand Satyanand |
23 Aug 2006 |
Prime minister |
Helen Clark |
10 Dec 1999 |
Nicaragua |
President |
Daniel Ortega [68] |
10 Jan 2007 |
Niger |
President |
Mamadou Tandja |
22 Dec 1999 |
Prime minister |
Seyni Oumarou |
7 Jun 2007 |
Nigeria |
President |
Umaru Musa Yar'Adua |
29 May 2007 |
Norway |
King |
Harald V [69] |
17 Jan 1991 |
Prime minister |
Jens Stoltenberg [70] |
7 Jun 2007 |
Oman |
Sultan |
Qabus ibn Sa`id |
23 Jul 1970 |
Prime minister |
Qabus ibn Sa`id |
2 Jan 1972 |
Pakistan |
President |
Pervez Musharraf [71] |
20 Jun 2001 |
Prime minister |
Mohammadmian Soomro |
16 Nov 2007 |
Palau |
President |
Tommy Remengesau |
1 Jan 2001 |
Panama |
President |
Martín Torrijos |
1 Sep 2004 |
Papua New Guinea |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
16 Sep 1975 |
Governor-general |
Sir Paulias Matane |
29 Jun 2004 |
Prime minister |
Sir Michael Somare [72] |
5 Aug 2002 |
Paraguay |
President |
Nicanor Duarte Frutos |
15 Aug 2003 |
Peru |
President |
Alan García [73] |
28 Jul 2006 |
Prime minister |
Jorge del Castillo |
28 Jul 2006 |
Philippines |
President |
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo |
20 Jan 2001 |
Poland |
President |
Lech Kaczynski |
23 Dec 2005 |
Prime minister |
Donald Tusk |
16 Nov 2007 |
Portugal |
President |
Aníbal Cavaco Silva |
9 Mar 2006 |
Prime minister |
José Sócrates |
12 Mar 2005 |
Qatar |
Emir |
Sheikh Hamad ibn Khalifah Al Thani |
27 Jun 1995 |
Prime minister |
Sheikh Hamad ibn Jassim ibn Jabr Al Thani |
3 Apr 2007 |
Romania |
President |
Traian Basescu [74] |
20 Dec 2004 |
Prime minister |
Calin Popescu-Tariceanu |
29 Dec 2004 |
Russia |
President |
Vladimir Putin [75] |
31 Dec 1999 |
Prime minister |
Viktor Zubkov |
14 Sep 2007 |
Rwanda |
President |
Paul Kagame [76] |
24 Mar 2000 |
Prime minister |
Bernard Makuza |
8 Mar 2000 |
[change] States - S
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
19 Sep 1983 |
Governor-general |
Sir Cuthbert Sebastian |
1 Jan 1996 |
Prime minister |
Denzil Douglas |
7 Jul 1995 |
Saint Lucia |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
22 Feb 1979 |
Governor-general |
Dame Pearlette Louisy |
17 Sep 1997 |
Prime minister |
Stephenson King [77] |
1 May 2007 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
27 Oct 1979 |
Governor-general |
Sir Frederick Ballantyne |
2 Sep 2002 |
Prime minister |
Ralph Gonsalves |
29 Mar 2001 |
Samoa |
Head of state |
Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi [78] |
20 Jun 2007 |
Prime minister |
Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi |
23 Nov 1998 |
San Marino |
Captains-regent |
Mirko Tomassoni |
1 Oct 2007 |
Alberto Selva |
1 Oct 2007 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
President |
Fradique de Menezes [79] |
23 Jul 2003 |
Prime minister |
Tomé Vera Cruz |
21 Apr 2006 |
Saudi Arabia |
King |
Abdullah [80] |
1 Aug 2005 |
Prime minister |
Abdullah |
1 Aug 2005 |
Senegal |
President |
Abdoulaye Wade |
1 Apr 2000 |
Prime minister |
Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré |
19 Jun 2007 |
Serbia |
President |
Boris Tadic |
11 Jul 2004 |
Prime minister |
Vojislav Kostunica |
3 Mar 2004 |
Seychelles |
President |
James Michel |
14 Apr 2004 |
Sierra Leone |
President |
Ernest Bai Koroma |
17 Sep 2007 |
Singapore |
President |
S.R. Nathan |
1 Sep 1999 |
Prime minister |
Lee Hsien Loong |
12 Aug 2004 |
Slovakia |
President |
Ivan Gasparovic |
15 Jun 2004 |
Prime minister |
Robert Fico |
4 Jul 2006 |
Slovenia |
President |
Danilo Türk |
22 Dec 2007 |
Prime minister |
Janez Jansa |
9 Nov 2004 |
Solomon Islands |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
7 Jul 1978 |
Governor-general |
Sir Nathaniel Waena |
7 Jul 2004 |
Prime minister |
Derek Sikua |
20 Dec 2007 |
Somalia |
President |
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed [81] |
14 Oct 2004 |
Prime minister |
Nur Hassan Hussein |
24 Nov 2007 |
South Africa |
President |
Thabo Mbeki |
16 Jun 1999 |
Spain |
King |
Juan Carlos I [82] |
22 Nov 1975 |
Prime minister |
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero |
17 Apr 2004 |
Sri Lanka |
President |
Mahinda Rajapakse [83] |
19 Nov 2005 |
Prime minister |
Ratnasiri Wickremanayake [84] |
21 Nov 2005 |
The Sudan |
President |
Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir [85] |
30 Jun 1989 |
Suriname |
President |
Ronald Venetiaan [86] |
12 Aug 2000 |
Vice president [87] |
Ram Sardjoe |
12 Aug 2005 |
Swaziland |
King |
Mswati III |
25 Apr 1986 |
Prime minister |
Themba Dlamini |
26 Nov 2003 |
Sweden |
King |
Carl XVI Gustaf |
15 Sep 1973 |
Prime minister |
Fredrik Reinfeldt |
6 Oct 2006 |
Switzerland |
President [88] |
Pascal Couchepin |
1 Jan 2008 |
Syria |
President |
Bashar al-Assad |
17 Jul 2000 |
Prime minister |
Muhammad Naji al-Otari |
10 Sep 2003 |
[change] States - T
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Taiwan |
President |
Chen Shui-bian |
20 May 2000 |
President of the Executive Yuan |
Chang Chun-hsiung [89] |
21 May 2007 |
Tajikistan |
President |
Emomalii Rakhmon [90] |
19 Nov 1992 |
Prime minister |
Akil Akilov |
20 Dec 1999 |
Tanzania |
President |
Jakaya Kikwete |
21 Dec 2005 |
Prime minister |
Edward Lowassa |
30 Dec 2005 |
Thailand |
King |
Bhumibol Adulyadej |
9 Jun 1946 |
Prime minister |
Samak Sundaravej |
29 Jan 2008 |
Togo |
President |
Faure Gnassingbé [91] |
4 May 2005 |
Prime minister |
Komlan Mally |
6 Dec 2007 |
Tonga |
King |
George Tupou V |
11 Sep 2006 |
Prime minister |
Feleti Sevele [92] |
11 Feb 2006 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
President |
Maxwell Richards |
17 Mar 2003 |
Prime minister |
Patrick Manning [93] |
24 Dec 2001 |
Tunisia |
President |
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali |
7 Nov 1987 |
Prime minister |
Mohamed Ghannouchi |
17 Nov 1999 |
Turkey |
President |
Abdullah Gül |
28 Aug 2007 |
Prime minister |
Recep Tayyip Erdogan |
14 Mar 2003 |
Turkmenistan |
President |
Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov [94] |
21 Dec 2006 |
Tuvalu |
Queen |
Elizabeth II |
1 Oct 1978 |
Governor-general |
Sir Filoimea Telito |
15 Apr 2005 |
Prime minister |
Apisai Ielemia |
14 Aug 2006 |
[change] States - U-Z
[change] Quasi states
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Kosovo |
Prefect of Kosovo district |
Srdjan Vasic |
28 Sep 2004 |
Administrator [101] |
Joachim Rücker (Germany) |
1 Sep 2006 |
President |
Fatmir Sejdiu |
10 Feb 2006 |
Prime minister |
Hashim Thaçi |
9 Jan 2008 |
Sovereign Military Order of Malta [102] |
Grand master |
Fra' Giacomo Dalla Torre (acting) |
7 Feb 2008 |
Grand chancellor |
Jean-Pierre Mazery [103] |
3 Nov 2004 |
Palestine [104] |
President |
Mahmoud Abbas |
15 Jan 2005 |
Prime minister |
Salam Fayyad [105] |
17 Jun 2007 |
Western Sahara [106] |
President |
Mohamed Abdelaziz [107] |
30 Aug 1976 |
Prime minister |
Abdelkader Taleb Oumar |
29 Oct 2003 |
[change] De facto independent states
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Abkhazia |
President |
Sergey Bagapsh |
12 Feb 2005 |
Prime minister |
Aleksandr Ankvab |
14 Feb 2005 |
Dniester Republic |
President |
Igor Smirnov [108] |
2 Sep 1990 |
Nagorno-Karabakh |
President |
Bako Sahakyan |
7 Sep 2007 |
Prime minister |
Araik Arutyunyan |
14 Sep 2007 |
North Cyprus |
President |
Mehmet Ali Talat [109] |
24 Apr 2005 |
Prime minister |
Ferdi Sabit Soyer |
26 Apr 2005 |
Somaliland |
President |
Dahir Riyale Kahin |
3 May 2002 |
South Ossetia |
President |
Eduard Kokoyty |
18 Dec 2001 |
Prime minister |
Yury Morozov |
5 Jul 2005 |
[change] Govenments in exile/alternative governments
State |
Status |
Name |
Since |
Abkhazia [110] |
Chairman of the Supreme Council |
Temur Mzhavia |
16 Mar 2004 |
Prime minister |
Malkhaz Akishbaya |
21 Mar 2006 |
Belarus |
Chairman of the Rada |
Ivonka Survilla |
1997 |
Republic of Estonia in exile |
Prime minister acting as president |
Kalev Ots [111] |
28 Nov 2003 |
Acting prime minister |
Ahti Mänd |
7 Dec 2003 |
Chechnya |
Emir |
Doku Umarov [112] |
7 Oct 2007 |
South Moluccas |
President |
Frans L.J. Tutuhatunewa [113] |
10 Apr 1993 |
South Ossetia [114] |
President |
Dmitry Sanakoyev |
1 Dec 2006 |
Prime minister |
Uruzmag Karkusov |
7 Dec 2006 |
Tibet |
Dalai Lama |
Tenzin Gyatso [115] |
25 Aug 1939 |
Chairman of the Cabinet |
Samdhong Rinpoche |
5 Sep 2001 |
- ↑ Chairman of the Interim Administration to 19 Jun 2002.
- ↑ Previously president from 9 Apr 1992 to 24 Jul 1997.
- ↑ Acting to 21 Sep 1979.
- ↑ Acting to 9 Apr 1998.
- ↑ In Azeri, "İlham Əliyev".
- ↑ In Azeri, "Artur Rasizadə". Acting for Aliyev to 4 Nov 2003. Previously prime minister from 20 Jul 1996 to 4 Aug 2003 (acting to 26 Nov 1996)
- ↑ Previously from 21 Aug 1992 to 3 May 2002.
- ↑ Emir from 6 Mar 1999 to 14 Feb 2002.
- ↑ President of the State Council to 16 Aug 1971.
- ↑ Acting to 19 Dec 2003.
- ↑ Previously from 14 Aug 2002 to 30 Aug 2003.
- ↑ The presidency is tripartite : the members are Željko Komšić (Croatian, since 6 Nov 2006), Nebojša Radmanović (Serb, since 6 Nov 2006), Haris Silajdžić (Bosniak, since 6 Nov 2006).
- ↑ President of Popular Front (from 31 Oct 1987 also Head of State) to 24 Dec 1991.
- ↑ Chairmen of the State Law and Order Restoration Council to 15 Nov 1997.
- ↑ Acting to 24 Oct 2007 (for Soe Win to 12 Oct 2007).
- ↑ Prime minister to 2 Jul 1993, coequal prime minister from 2 Jul 1993 to 21 Sep 1993, second prime minister from 21 Sep 1993 to 30 Nov 1998.
- ↑ From 26 Jan 2006, Idriss Déby Itno. President of Patriotic Salvation Movement 2-4 Dec 1990, Head of State 4 Dec 1990 - 4 Mar 1991).
- ↑ Previously from 6 Nov 1993 to 8 Apr 1995.
- ↑ De facto in control from 15 Oct 1997. Previously member of the Military Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (18 Mar - 3 Apr 1977) and president from 8 Feb 1979 to 31 Aug 1992 (Head of State to 14 Aug 1979).
- ↑ Interim to 26 Jan 2001.
- ↑ Previously president from 31 Mar 1961 to 5 Aug 1961 (Head of State, in rebellion, at Stanleyville) and prime minister from 13 Dec 1960 to 5 Aug 1961 (in rebellion, at Stanleyville).
- ↑ Previously from 8 May 1986 to 8 May 1990.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 30 May to 24 Aug 1990. Also president of the Collective Presidency of Yugoslavia (1 Jul - 3 Oct 1991).
- ↑ Communist Party of Cuba = to 26 Mar 1962, Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI); 26 Mar 1962 - 3 Oct 1965, United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PUSC).
- ↑ Premier from 16 Feb 1959 to 2 Dec 1976.
- ↑ Previously acting president (1 Jan - 2 Feb 1993).
- ↑ Previously from 16 Aug 1996 to 16 Aug 2000.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 26 Jun 2006 to 19 May 2007 (acting to 10 Jul 2006).
- ↑ Previously president from 20 May 2002 to 20 May 2007.
- ↑ Chairman Revolutionary Military Council to 25 Aug 1979, chairman Supreme Military Council 25 Aug 1979 - 12 Oct 1982.
- ↑ Secretary-general of the Provisional Government to 24 May 1993.
- ↑ Previously president (interim) from 28 May 1991 to 22 Aug 1995.
- ↑ Interim to 15 Mar 2001. From 5 Dec 2006 to 4 Jan 2007, Voreqe Bainimarama is acting president for suspended Iloilo.
- ↑ Interim. Previously acting president from 5 Dec 2006 to 4 Jan 2007.
- ↑ Chairman Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council to 28 Sep 1996; Head of State to 18 Oct 1996.
- ↑ Previously from 25 Jan 2004 to 25 Nov 2007.
- ↑ Chairman Military Committee of National Restoration to 5 Apr 1984.
- ↑ Previously from 14 Nov 1980 to 14 May 1984 (chairman Council of the Revolution) and from 16 May 1984 to 7 May 1999 (chairman Council of State to 29 Sep 1994).
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 9 Aug 1999 to 11 Aug 1999.
- ↑ Previously president from 6 Mar 1997 to 19 Dec 1997, and prime minister from 9 Oct 1992 to 17 Mar 1997 and from 22 Dec 1997 to 9 Aug 1999.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 13 Feb 1991 to 11 Oct 1991 and president from 7 Feb 1996 to 7 Feb 2001.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 26 Mar 1999 to 2 Mar 2001.
- ↑ Acting for Péter Medgyessy to 29 Sep 2004.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 22 Apr 1977 to 21 Jun 1977 (acting), from 14 Sep 1984 to 20 Oct 1986, and from 4 Nov 1995 to 18 Jun 1996 (acting to 22 Nov 1995).
- ↑ Acting for Ariel Sharon to 14 Apr 2006.
- ↑ Previously from 18 May 1996 to 21 Oct 1998.
- ↑ Previously first secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh S.S.R. (22 Jun 1989 - 28 Aug 1991), Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (22 Feb 1990 - 24 Apr 1990), chairman of the Council of Ministers (27 Jul 1989 - 14 Oct 1991).
- ↑ Declared "the highest post of the state" 5 Sep 1998.
- ↑ From 12 Mar 2004 to 14 May 2004, Goh Kun is acting president for suspended Roh. On 19 Dec 2007, Lee Myung Bak is elected president.
- ↑ Previously acting prime minister from 14 Mar 2006 to 19 Apr 2006.
- ↑ Prime minister from 13 Jul 2003 to 7 Feb 2006.
- ↑ Acting to 14 Aug 2005.
- ↑ On Dec 5 hands in his resignation. On Dec 14 Ivars Godmanis is asked to form a new cabinet.
- ↑ A presidential election is scheduled on 11 Feb 2008.
- ↑ Previously from 12 Nov 1990 to 25 Jan 1995.
- ↑ Regent from 26 Aug 1984 to 13 Nov 1989.
- ↑ Previously from 26 Feb 1998 to 25 Feb 2003.
- ↑ Regent from 3 Mar 1998 to 7 Oct 2000.
- ↑ Previously from 21 Nov 2001 to 13 Dec 2001 (acting).
- ↑ Previously from 26 Mar 1991 to 8 Jun 1992 (chairman National Reconciliation Council to 31 Mar 1991, then chairman Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People).
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 16 Jun 1982 to 22 Dec 1995 and from 17 Sep 2000 to 30 Sep 2003.
- ↑ Previously from 22 Dec 1995 - 17 Sep 2000.
- ↑ Regent from 31 Mar 2005 to 6 Apr 2005.
- ↑ Previously prime minister (5 Feb 1998 - 8 Jan 2003) and acting president (25 Nov 2002 - 19 May 2003).
- ↑ Previously member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO acting as president (19 Oct 1986 - 6 Nov 1986).
- ↑ Regent for Dipendra (2-4 Jun 2001); suspended from 15 Jan 2007. Previously king from 7 Nov 1950 to 7 Jan 1951.
- ↑ Previously from 26 May 1991 to 30 Nov 1994, from 15 Apr 1998 to 31 May 1999, and from 22 Mar 2000 to 26 Jul 2001.
- ↑ Previously member of the Government Junta of National Reconstruction (18 Jul 1979 - 10 Jan 1985 ; coordinator from 4 Mar 1981) and president from 10 Jan 1985 to 25 Apr 1990.
- ↑ Crown Prince Haakon regent from 25 Nov 2003 to 13 Apr 2004 and from 29 Mar 2005 to 7 Jun 2005.
- ↑ Previously from 17 Mar 2000 to 19 Oct 2001.
- ↑ Previously prime minister ("chief executive") from 14 Oct 1999 to 23 Nov 2002.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 27 Apr 1972 to 11 Mar 1980 (chief minister to 16 sep 1975) and from 2 Aug 1982 to 21 Nov 1985.
- ↑ Previously from 28 Jul 1985 to 28 Jul 1990.
- ↑ From 20 Apr to 23 May 2007, Nicolae Vacaroiu is acting for suspended Basescu.
- ↑ Acting to 7 May 2000.
- ↑ Acting to 22 Apr 2000.
- ↑ Acting to 9 Sep 2007.
- ↑ Previously member of the council of deputies acting as head of state (11 May - 20 Jun 2007).
- ↑ Previously from 3 Sep 2001 to 16 Jul 2003.
- ↑ Previously regent (1 Jan - 21 Feb 1996).
- ↑ In Nairobi exile to 13 Jun 2005, from 26 Jul 2005 in Jowhar, from 26 Feb 2006 in Baidoa, from 8 Jan 2007 in Mogadishu.
- ↑ Previously acting head of state (19 Jul - 2 Sep 1974 and 30 Oct - 20 Nov 1975).
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 6 Apr 2004 to 21 Nov 2005.
- ↑ Previously from 10 Aug 2000 to 9 Dec 2001.
- ↑ President of Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation to 16 Oct 1993.
- ↑ Previously from 16 Sep 1991 to 15 Sep 1996.
- ↑ Chairing the Council of Ministers ex officio.
- ↑ The presidency (Federal Council) is collegial, the president of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year. The members of the Federal Council are Moritz Leuenberger (since 1 Nov 1995), Pascal Couchepin (since 1 Apr 1999), Samuel Schmid (since 1 Jan 2001), Micheline Calmy-Rey (since 1 Jan 2003), Hans-Rudolf Merz (since 1 Jan 2004, vice-president of the Confederation for 2008), Doris Leuthard (since 1 Aug 2006), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (since 1 Jan 2008).
- ↑ Previously from 6 Oct 2000 to 1 Feb 2002.
- ↑ Acting to 27 Nov 1992; chairman Supreme Council 27 Nov 1992 - 16 Nov 1994.
- ↑ Previously from 5 to 25 Feb 2005 (acting to 21)
- ↑ Acting to 30 Mar 2006.
- ↑ Previously from 17 Dec 1991 to 9 Nov 1995.
- ↑ Acting to 14 Feb 2007.
- ↑ Commander National Resistance Army to 29 Jan 1986.
- ↑ Previously from 24 Jan 2005 to 8 Sep 2005.
- ↑ Previously first secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek S.S.R. (23 Jun 1989 - 3 Nov 1991).
- ↑ Previously from 2 Feb 1999 to 12 Apr 2002.
- ↑ Chairman Presidential Council to 1 Oct 1994. Previously president of North Yemen (18 Jul 1978 - 22 May 1990).
- ↑ Previously prime minister (18 Apr 1980 - 31 Dec 1987).
- ↑ Head of United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
- ↑ Though without a territory since 1798, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta still regards itself, and is regarded by several states that give it diplomatic recognition, as a sovereign state.
- ↑ Acting to 16 Apr 2005.
- ↑ Palestinian Authority created to administer most of Gaza Strip and parts of West Bank (Jericho area handed over 13 May 1994, Gaza Strip 18 May 1994, Jenin 13 Nov 1995, Tulkarem 10 Dec 1995, Nablus 11 Dec 1995, Qalqilya 16 Dec 1995, Bethlehem 21 Dec 1995, Ramallah 27 Dec 1995, 80% of Hebron 17 Jan 1997).
- ↑ Ismail Haniya, prime minister from 29 Mar 2006 to 14 Jun 2007, continues in rebellion in Gaza.
- ↑ The Saharan Arab Democratic Republic is currently recognized by about 60 countries. Morocco retains de facto control..
- ↑ Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council to 16 Oct 1982).
- ↑ From 2 Sep 1990 to 1 Dec 1991, chairman of the (to 29 Nov 1990, Provisional) Supreme Soviet; from Dec 1990 chairman of the republic.
- ↑ Previously prime minister from 13 Jan 2004 to 26 Apr 2005.
- ↑ Pro-Georgian government (in Tbilisi).
- ↑ Previously acting prime minister from 15 Sep 1992 to 28 Nov 2003.
- ↑ Previously president from 17 Jun 2006 to 7 Oct 2007.
- ↑ In Netherlands exile.
- ↑ Alternative government.
- ↑ 14th Dalai Lama. From 31 Mar 1959 in exile (from 1 May 1960 in Dharamsala, India).
[change] Main source
rulers.org